Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
"Famous Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.brainyquote.com/>.
On this website were quotes from Hirohito which were very valuable in understanding his position during and after World War II. Since Hirohito was so hidden from the common Japanese people, he was a man of even fewer words and there are very few quotes from him.
Golway, Terry, and Lewis H. Lapham. Words That Rang Through Time. New York, New York:
Overlook, 2009.
This book was a collection of famous writings and speeches from famous figures throughout history. In there I found the “Gyokuon Hoso,” the speech Hirohito gave to his people over the radio to tell his people that Japan had finally surrendered, following the bombing of Nagasaki. This helped prove my thesis because this, being after the war, was the first time Hirohito was really publicly broadcasted to his people. I took Hirohito’s speech from this book and put it on my website a primary source.
Harvey, Robert. American Shogun: General MacArthur, Emperor Hirohito and the Drama of
Modern Japan. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2006.
This I used as a primary and a secondary source. This source, a book, that inside it, contained many pictures of Hirohito and pictures that pertained to Hirohito and my project. This source significantly helped to visually support my thesis related to Hirohito’s impact in Japanese history.
Irokawa, Daikichi. The Age of Hirohito: In Search of Modern Japan. New York: Free, 1995.
This was great primary and secondary source. It also had quoted conversations between Hirohito and the United State’s General MacArthur, but it also went into great detail about how Hirohito modernized Japan. I put quotes from this book on my website as it helped prove my thesis.
Maeda, Minoru. "Personal Interview with Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivor: Minoru Maeda-
Interviewed by Kaylee Strehler." E-mail interview. 12 Feb. 2015.
This was by far the most interesting primary source I had. My Japanese teacher connected me with with an atomic bomb survivor in Japan and I interviewed him via e-mail. He wrote me a ten page
response to the questions I had and I was very honored. I used this information as evidence as well as to shape my ideas. It was really amazing to have the experience to connect with an atomic bomb
survivor and be able to ask him questions that filled in the missing pieces of my project, as well as add more information to it. It added authenticity and a deeper meaning to the whole National History
Day project.
Timperley, H. J. Chinese to Be Beheaded in Nanking Massacre. 1937. China Weekly Review,
Nanking, China.
This primary source was a picture of the Nanking, China Massacre in 1937 after the Japanese invasion of mainland China. It was an image of a Japanese man about to behead a Chinese man; underlying it shows the evil things soldiers did in World War II and why people were contemplating trying Hirohito for war crimes.
“The Showa’ Emperor’s Funeral-1989.” YouTube.
Akaospirits. 22 Mar, 2009. Web. 07 Apr, 2015.
On February 24th, 1989. Emperor Hirohito’s state funeral was held and unlike that of his father , it was not conducted strictly in a Shinto manner. This video was important because it showed how highly the Japanese people respected him and highly they held him in esteem because of what he meant to them following WWII.
“Tokyo Winter Olympics Hirohito Opens Games 1964/10/12.” YouTube.
Universal Newsreels, 17 Sept, 2006. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.
This video was important because it showed that after the war, in 1964, Japanese Emperor Hirohito helped open up, and modernize Japan into what it is today, leaving behind a legacy admired by the Japanese people.
"World Heritage Encyclopedia."Hirohito. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
<http://community.worldheritage.org/article/WHEBN0000010287/Hirohito>.
This Source provided me with pictures of Hirohito as a child as well as information on his early life. From here I pulled images and used them on my website to set up background information for my project.
"World War II Database: Your WW2 History Reference Destination." WW2DB RSS. Web. 22 Feb.
2015.
On this particular database, I was able to retrieve the picture of Hirohito on one of his famous white horses Hatsu Shimo. This was important to my project because it helped showcase how he had this image of a God in Japanese culture. I used this on the background page of my website to help prove my thesis.
"The Bataan Death March." Bataan Death March. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.bataansurvivor.com/content/the_bataan_death_march/1.php>.
This was an interview I found on the internet when I needed a quote about the Philippines Death March. It helped prove my thesis because, even though Hirohito technically might have been responsible for all the bad things that happened during WWII, he was never tried for war crimes; he was seen as a hero, while his generals took the blame for WWII.
Secondary Sources
Emperor. Dir. Peter Webber. Screenplay by David Klass and Vera Blasi. Perf. Tommy Lee Jones and Matthew Fox. United Performers' Studio, 2012. Film.
This film actually helped a lot in showing many things. It helped visually display General MacArthur’s endeavors to decide if Hirohito was guilty of war crimes and explain why, even after all those horrible thing happened during the war, he was not held responsible. It was nice to have some sort of visual to look at related to MacArthur's relationship to Emperor Hirohito, even if the video was historical fiction.
Harvey, Robert. American Shogun: General MacArthur, Emperor Hirohito and the Drama of
Modern Japan. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2006.
This I used as a primary and a secondary source. This source, a book, that inside it, contained many pictures of Hirohito and pictures that pertained to Hirohito and my project. This source significantly helped to visually support my thesis related to Hirohito’s impact in Japanese history.
Henshall, Kenneth G. A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower. New York: St.
Martin's, 1999.
This book helped me find out that Hirohito was only a figurehead before World War II and the Japanese military actually secretly had a lot of involvement in the executive decision-making in the government leading up to WWII. I pulled quotes stating this from this source to help prove my thesis.
"Hirohito The 124th Emperor of Japan, Hirohito Led Japan during and after the Second World
War." Comic Vine. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.comicvine.com/hirohito/4005-32592/>.
Although this website is a comic book website it had a collection of pictures of Hirohito on it that I was able to use. It also had some background information on him which was
helpful in understanding his lack of power before and after the war. From this website I was able to pull the picture of Hirohito as a baby and a young man (the two I used on my thesis page), the one of him on his famous white horse, and official portraits that further enhanced my website.
"History.com." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.history.com/>.
This was a wonderful source that provided a lots of information and a plethora of pictures. This is a secondary source because A&E has complied has complied factual accounts of Japanese involvement in World War II and placed in on their website for the general public.
Irokawa, Daikichi. The Age of Hirohito: In Search of Modern Japan. New York: Free, 1995.
This was great primary and secondary source. It also had quoted conversations between Hirohito and the United State’s General MacArthur, but it also went into great detail about how Hirohito modernized Japan. I put quotes from this book on my website as it helped prove my thesis.
"Japan." and “Main Theaters of World War Two” Addison-Wesley Educational, 2001. Map.
This source was two maps and they provided information on where Japan was moving during WWII, and what they conquered territories during the war. I found these on old projector slides and they were helpful to show where the Japanese occupation occurred during World War II.
Kimi-Ga-Yo (National Anthem of Japan). Electrola Gesellschaft. MP3.
This is Japan’s national anthem. It plays at the beginning of my website when Emperor Hirohito is first introduced. It gives the feeling to the viewer right of the bat of the true pride he had for his country. Japan’s national anthem was the same in his time as it is the oldest national anthem in the entire world.
McClain, James L. Japan, A Modern History. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2002. Print.
This text conveys the political and social changes that happened to Japan over four centuries. It discusses Hirohito’s life from birth to death and I used it in my endeavors to prove my thesis.
Mosley, Leonard. Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Print.
This book represents a biography of Emperor Hirohito. I used it to weed out information to create the timeline for my background page of my background page. This book is a secondary source that attempted to compile the entire history of Japanese Emperor Hirohito pulling dozens of resources together into one concrete history.
"Nanjing Massacre." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 15 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.history.com/topics/nanjing-massacre>.
This is a website page about the Nanjing Massacre. Here I learned about what the
Japanese did to the people of Nanking, China when the invaded continental Asia in 1937. I then quoted some of this website on my “Japanese war efforts” page to prove my thesis.
"Photograph of The Reagans and Japanese Emperor Hirohito, Tokyo, Japan, 11/09/1983 -
11/09/1983." Photograph of The Reagans and Japanese Emperor Hirohito, Tokyo, Japan, 11/09/1983 - 11/09/1983. Web. 27 Feb. 2015. <http://research.archives.gov/description/198544>.
This website had several pictures of the Reagans (former president of the United States and his wife Nancy) with Japanese Emperor Hirohito. It was important for me to show how Hirohito stepped out from where he was before World War II and became a true world leader.
"The Japan Times - News on Japan, Business News, Opinion, Sports, Entertainment and More."
Japan Times RSS. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/>.
This website provided many pictures including some of the current Japanese royal family as well as a couple of Hirohito as he reached his 80s. These pictures were used to prove the legacy he has left behind on Japan.
“The Showa’ Emperor’s Funeral-1989.” YouTube.
Akaospirits. 22 Mar, 2009. Web. 07 Apr, 2015.
On February 24th, 1989. Emperor Hirohito’s state funeral was held and unlike that of his father , it was not conducted strictly in a Shinto manner. This video was important because it showed how highly the Japanese people respected him and highly they held him in esteem because of what he meant to them following WWII.
“Tokyo Winter Olympics Hirohito Opens Games 1964/10/12.” YouTube.
Universal Newsreels, 17 Sept, 2006. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.
This video was important because it showed that after the war, in 1964, Japanese Emperor Hirohito helped open up, and modernize Japan into what it is today, leaving behind a legacy admired by the Japanese people.
Seagrave, Sterling, and Peggy Seagrave. The Yamato Dynasty: The Secret History of Japan's Imperial Family. New York: Broadway, 1999. Print.
This book gave me some background information involving the Japanese Royal family. This was helpful to me in starting my project and in my endeavors to prove my
thesis, that Hirohito left a positive legacy among the Japanese people for centuries to come.
"Showa Era: 1925-1989." Showa Era: 1925-1989. Web. 14 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/jh10.html>.
This website provided me with a timeline of pre-WWII Japanese history. This knowledge helped me with my project and I put parts of it on my website in hope that the background facts will help my viewers piece together events that occurred in Japan before WWII.
Wetzler, Peter. Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar
Japan. United States of America: U of Hawai'i, 1998. Print.
This book helped explain how involved Hirohito was before and during WWII in the decision making process of the Japanese military. This book was used to prove my thesis.
"World War II in Asia and the Pacific." West Educational, 1998. Map.
This map shows Japanese war efforts during World War II from 1937-1945. Japan invaded and occupied the East Pacific region and part of continental Asia. There, the Japanese committed brutal acts of violence against numerous ethnic groups as they sought to conquer Asia.
Primary Sources
"Famous Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.brainyquote.com/>.
On this website were quotes from Hirohito which were very valuable in understanding his position during and after World War II. Since Hirohito was so hidden from the common Japanese people, he was a man of even fewer words and there are very few quotes from him.
Golway, Terry, and Lewis H. Lapham. Words That Rang Through Time. New York, New York:
Overlook, 2009.
This book was a collection of famous writings and speeches from famous figures throughout history. In there I found the “Gyokuon Hoso,” the speech Hirohito gave to his people over the radio to tell his people that Japan had finally surrendered, following the bombing of Nagasaki. This helped prove my thesis because this, being after the war, was the first time Hirohito was really publicly broadcasted to his people. I took Hirohito’s speech from this book and put it on my website a primary source.
Harvey, Robert. American Shogun: General MacArthur, Emperor Hirohito and the Drama of
Modern Japan. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2006.
This I used as a primary and a secondary source. This source, a book, that inside it, contained many pictures of Hirohito and pictures that pertained to Hirohito and my project. This source significantly helped to visually support my thesis related to Hirohito’s impact in Japanese history.
Irokawa, Daikichi. The Age of Hirohito: In Search of Modern Japan. New York: Free, 1995.
This was great primary and secondary source. It also had quoted conversations between Hirohito and the United State’s General MacArthur, but it also went into great detail about how Hirohito modernized Japan. I put quotes from this book on my website as it helped prove my thesis.
Maeda, Minoru. "Personal Interview with Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivor: Minoru Maeda-
Interviewed by Kaylee Strehler." E-mail interview. 12 Feb. 2015.
This was by far the most interesting primary source I had. My Japanese teacher connected me with with an atomic bomb survivor in Japan and I interviewed him via e-mail. He wrote me a ten page
response to the questions I had and I was very honored. I used this information as evidence as well as to shape my ideas. It was really amazing to have the experience to connect with an atomic bomb
survivor and be able to ask him questions that filled in the missing pieces of my project, as well as add more information to it. It added authenticity and a deeper meaning to the whole National History
Day project.
Timperley, H. J. Chinese to Be Beheaded in Nanking Massacre. 1937. China Weekly Review,
Nanking, China.
This primary source was a picture of the Nanking, China Massacre in 1937 after the Japanese invasion of mainland China. It was an image of a Japanese man about to behead a Chinese man; underlying it shows the evil things soldiers did in World War II and why people were contemplating trying Hirohito for war crimes.
“The Showa’ Emperor’s Funeral-1989.” YouTube.
Akaospirits. 22 Mar, 2009. Web. 07 Apr, 2015.
On February 24th, 1989. Emperor Hirohito’s state funeral was held and unlike that of his father , it was not conducted strictly in a Shinto manner. This video was important because it showed how highly the Japanese people respected him and highly they held him in esteem because of what he meant to them following WWII.
“Tokyo Winter Olympics Hirohito Opens Games 1964/10/12.” YouTube.
Universal Newsreels, 17 Sept, 2006. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.
This video was important because it showed that after the war, in 1964, Japanese Emperor Hirohito helped open up, and modernize Japan into what it is today, leaving behind a legacy admired by the Japanese people.
"World Heritage Encyclopedia."Hirohito. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
<http://community.worldheritage.org/article/WHEBN0000010287/Hirohito>.
This Source provided me with pictures of Hirohito as a child as well as information on his early life. From here I pulled images and used them on my website to set up background information for my project.
"World War II Database: Your WW2 History Reference Destination." WW2DB RSS. Web. 22 Feb.
2015.
On this particular database, I was able to retrieve the picture of Hirohito on one of his famous white horses Hatsu Shimo. This was important to my project because it helped showcase how he had this image of a God in Japanese culture. I used this on the background page of my website to help prove my thesis.
"The Bataan Death March." Bataan Death March. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.bataansurvivor.com/content/the_bataan_death_march/1.php>.
This was an interview I found on the internet when I needed a quote about the Philippines Death March. It helped prove my thesis because, even though Hirohito technically might have been responsible for all the bad things that happened during WWII, he was never tried for war crimes; he was seen as a hero, while his generals took the blame for WWII.
Secondary Sources
Emperor. Dir. Peter Webber. Screenplay by David Klass and Vera Blasi. Perf. Tommy Lee Jones and Matthew Fox. United Performers' Studio, 2012. Film.
This film actually helped a lot in showing many things. It helped visually display General MacArthur’s endeavors to decide if Hirohito was guilty of war crimes and explain why, even after all those horrible thing happened during the war, he was not held responsible. It was nice to have some sort of visual to look at related to MacArthur's relationship to Emperor Hirohito, even if the video was historical fiction.
Harvey, Robert. American Shogun: General MacArthur, Emperor Hirohito and the Drama of
Modern Japan. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 2006.
This I used as a primary and a secondary source. This source, a book, that inside it, contained many pictures of Hirohito and pictures that pertained to Hirohito and my project. This source significantly helped to visually support my thesis related to Hirohito’s impact in Japanese history.
Henshall, Kenneth G. A History of Japan: From Stone Age to Superpower. New York: St.
Martin's, 1999.
This book helped me find out that Hirohito was only a figurehead before World War II and the Japanese military actually secretly had a lot of involvement in the executive decision-making in the government leading up to WWII. I pulled quotes stating this from this source to help prove my thesis.
"Hirohito The 124th Emperor of Japan, Hirohito Led Japan during and after the Second World
War." Comic Vine. N.p., 2015. Web. 13 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.comicvine.com/hirohito/4005-32592/>.
Although this website is a comic book website it had a collection of pictures of Hirohito on it that I was able to use. It also had some background information on him which was
helpful in understanding his lack of power before and after the war. From this website I was able to pull the picture of Hirohito as a baby and a young man (the two I used on my thesis page), the one of him on his famous white horse, and official portraits that further enhanced my website.
"History.com." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.history.com/>.
This was a wonderful source that provided a lots of information and a plethora of pictures. This is a secondary source because A&E has complied has complied factual accounts of Japanese involvement in World War II and placed in on their website for the general public.
Irokawa, Daikichi. The Age of Hirohito: In Search of Modern Japan. New York: Free, 1995.
This was great primary and secondary source. It also had quoted conversations between Hirohito and the United State’s General MacArthur, but it also went into great detail about how Hirohito modernized Japan. I put quotes from this book on my website as it helped prove my thesis.
"Japan." and “Main Theaters of World War Two” Addison-Wesley Educational, 2001. Map.
This source was two maps and they provided information on where Japan was moving during WWII, and what they conquered territories during the war. I found these on old projector slides and they were helpful to show where the Japanese occupation occurred during World War II.
Kimi-Ga-Yo (National Anthem of Japan). Electrola Gesellschaft. MP3.
This is Japan’s national anthem. It plays at the beginning of my website when Emperor Hirohito is first introduced. It gives the feeling to the viewer right of the bat of the true pride he had for his country. Japan’s national anthem was the same in his time as it is the oldest national anthem in the entire world.
McClain, James L. Japan, A Modern History. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2002. Print.
This text conveys the political and social changes that happened to Japan over four centuries. It discusses Hirohito’s life from birth to death and I used it in my endeavors to prove my thesis.
Mosley, Leonard. Hirohito, Emperor of Japan. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Print.
This book represents a biography of Emperor Hirohito. I used it to weed out information to create the timeline for my background page of my background page. This book is a secondary source that attempted to compile the entire history of Japanese Emperor Hirohito pulling dozens of resources together into one concrete history.
"Nanjing Massacre." History.com. A&E Television Networks, Web. 15 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.history.com/topics/nanjing-massacre>.
This is a website page about the Nanjing Massacre. Here I learned about what the
Japanese did to the people of Nanking, China when the invaded continental Asia in 1937. I then quoted some of this website on my “Japanese war efforts” page to prove my thesis.
"Photograph of The Reagans and Japanese Emperor Hirohito, Tokyo, Japan, 11/09/1983 -
11/09/1983." Photograph of The Reagans and Japanese Emperor Hirohito, Tokyo, Japan, 11/09/1983 - 11/09/1983. Web. 27 Feb. 2015. <http://research.archives.gov/description/198544>.
This website had several pictures of the Reagans (former president of the United States and his wife Nancy) with Japanese Emperor Hirohito. It was important for me to show how Hirohito stepped out from where he was before World War II and became a true world leader.
"The Japan Times - News on Japan, Business News, Opinion, Sports, Entertainment and More."
Japan Times RSS. Web. 26 Feb. 2015. <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/>.
This website provided many pictures including some of the current Japanese royal family as well as a couple of Hirohito as he reached his 80s. These pictures were used to prove the legacy he has left behind on Japan.
“The Showa’ Emperor’s Funeral-1989.” YouTube.
Akaospirits. 22 Mar, 2009. Web. 07 Apr, 2015.
On February 24th, 1989. Emperor Hirohito’s state funeral was held and unlike that of his father , it was not conducted strictly in a Shinto manner. This video was important because it showed how highly the Japanese people respected him and highly they held him in esteem because of what he meant to them following WWII.
“Tokyo Winter Olympics Hirohito Opens Games 1964/10/12.” YouTube.
Universal Newsreels, 17 Sept, 2006. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.
This video was important because it showed that after the war, in 1964, Japanese Emperor Hirohito helped open up, and modernize Japan into what it is today, leaving behind a legacy admired by the Japanese people.
Seagrave, Sterling, and Peggy Seagrave. The Yamato Dynasty: The Secret History of Japan's Imperial Family. New York: Broadway, 1999. Print.
This book gave me some background information involving the Japanese Royal family. This was helpful to me in starting my project and in my endeavors to prove my
thesis, that Hirohito left a positive legacy among the Japanese people for centuries to come.
"Showa Era: 1925-1989." Showa Era: 1925-1989. Web. 14 Feb. 2015.
<http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/jh10.html>.
This website provided me with a timeline of pre-WWII Japanese history. This knowledge helped me with my project and I put parts of it on my website in hope that the background facts will help my viewers piece together events that occurred in Japan before WWII.
Wetzler, Peter. Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar
Japan. United States of America: U of Hawai'i, 1998. Print.
This book helped explain how involved Hirohito was before and during WWII in the decision making process of the Japanese military. This book was used to prove my thesis.
"World War II in Asia and the Pacific." West Educational, 1998. Map.
This map shows Japanese war efforts during World War II from 1937-1945. Japan invaded and occupied the East Pacific region and part of continental Asia. There, the Japanese committed brutal acts of violence against numerous ethnic groups as they sought to conquer Asia.